1.
Symbol or Symbolic Sign
A mode
in which the signifier does not resemble the signified but which is
fundamentally arbitrary or purely conventional so that the relationship must be
learnt. For example:
Ø
Letters and the alphabets
Ø
National flag
Ø
Mathematical sign
Ø
The number system
Ø Punctuation
marks
2.
Icon or Iconic sign
A mode
in which the signifier is perceived as resembling or imitating the signified
(recognizably, looking, sounding, feeling, tasting or smelling like it) – being
similar in possessing some of its qualities. For example:
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A portrait
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A cartoon
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Onomatopoeia
Ø
Imitative gestures
Ø
Sound effect
3.
Index or indexical Sign
An
index is a mode in which the signifier might not resemble its signified object.
It is not arbiterarily assigned and is directly connected in some way to the
object (physically or causally). For example:
Ø
Natural sign (smoke, thunder, footprints, echoes, flavor)
Ø
Signals (traffic signal, a phone ringing, a knock on a door)
Ø
Medical symptoms (a pain, a rush, pulse-rate)
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